02- G01: Pasado simple y pasado contínuo- Formas

Pasado simple: Formas



En español tenemos dos tiempos simples para referirnos al pasado: El pretérito imperfecto (yo jugaba) y el pretérito perfecto simple (yo jugué). Como en inglés sólo tenemos el pasado simple, éste se traducirá en español como uno u otro pretérito según el contexto.

El pasado simple no varía y se usa la misma forma para todas las personas gramaticales.

Verbos regulares:

Para formar el pasado simple se añade "-ed" al infinitivo de los verbos regulares:

Walk ----> Walked
Watch ----> Watched
Scream ----> Screamed

Conjugación:
I played
You played
He played
She played
It played
We played
You played
They played

Reglas de ortografía:

a) Cuando el infinitivo acaba en "-e" sólo se añade "-d":

Love ---> Loved
Share ----> Shared

b) Cuando el infinitivo tiene una sola vocal seguida de una sola consonante, ésta se duplica:

Rob ----> Robbed
Stop ----> Stopped

c) Cuando el infinitivo acaba en "-y" precedida de consonante, ésta cambia a "i" y se añade "-ed":

Study ----> Studied
Hurry ----> Hurried

Verbos irregulares:

Los verbos irregulares no siguen las reglas y su forma en pasado hay que aprenderla aparte.

Go ----> Went
Stand ----> Stood
Buy ----> Bought
Come ----> Came
Cut ----> Cut

Lista de verbos irregulares

Ejemplos:
My uncle spent six years working in an oil rig. ----> Mi tío pasó seis años trabajando en una plataforma petrolífera.
I lived in Murcia in 1998. ----> Yo vivía en Murcia en 1968.
Shakespeare wrote "Romeo and Juliet". ----> Shakespeare escribió "Romeo y Julieta"



Forma interrogativa:

Se hace con "did", que es el pasado del auxiliar "do", y como ya está "did" conjugado en pasado, el verbo principal aparece en infinitivo sin "to", en su forma base. El orden de la oración interrogativa es el mismo que en el presente simple:

Did + S + V (forma base)?

Did I study?
Did you study?
Did he study?
Did she study?
Did it study?
Did we study?
Did you study?
Did they study?

Ejemplos:
What did you do last night at eleven? ----> ¿Qué hiciste anoche a las once?
Where did your parents go on honeymoon? ----> ¿Dónde fueron tus padres de luna de miel?

Forma negativa:

También se hace con "did" seguido de la partícula negativa "not", que se pueden contraer formando "didn't". Lo mismo que en la forma interrogativa, el verbo principal se pone en su forma base, puesto que ya está "did" conjugado en pasado:

S + did + not + V (forma base)

I didn't play
You didn't play
He didn't play
She didn't play
It didn't play
We didn't play
You didn't play
They didn't play

Ejemplos:
Lewis Hamilton didn't win the F-1 World Championship last year.----> Lewis Hamilton no ganó el campeonato del mundo de Fórmula Uno el año pasado.
My friend Lola didn't pass the English exam. ----> Mi amiga Lola no aprobó el examen de inglés.

Respuestas cortas:

Se hacen con el verbo auxiliar "did":

Did you see Mark? Yes, I did. ----> ¿Viste a Mark? Sí.
Did they leave early? No, they didn't. ----> ¿Se fueron temprano? No.



Pasado continuo- Formas



El pasado continuo equivale a la forma española "estaba o estuve haciendo algo". Se hace con el pasado del verbo "to be" y con el gerundio del verbo conjugado. El pasado del verbo "to be" es "was" para la primera y tercera persona del singular y "were" para todas las demás. Como es el verbo "to be" el que se conjuga en el pasado continuo, las formas interrogativa y negativa se hacen siguiendo sus reglas.

S + was / were + V-ing

I was playing
You were playing
He was playing
She was playing
It was playing
We were playing
You were playing
They were playing

She was playing tennis. ----> Ella estaba jugando al tenis.
They were traveling. ----> Ellos estaban viajando.

Forma interrogativa:

Was / Were + S + V-ing?

Was I playing?
Were you playing?
Was he playing?
Was she playing?
Was it playing?
Were we playing?
Were you playing?
Were they playing?

What song were they dancing? ----> ¿Qué canción estaban bailando?
Was she watching TV last night? ----> ¿Estaba ella viendo la tele anoche?

Forma negativa:

S + was / were + not + V-ing

I was not / wasn't playing
You were not / weren't playing
He was not / wasn't playing
She was not / wasn't playing
It was not / wasn't playing
We were not / weren't playing
You were not / weren't playing
They were not / weren't playing

Elizabeth wasn't listening to the teacher. ----> Elizabeth no estaba escuchando al profesor.
We weren't waiting for anybody. ----> No estábamos esperando a nadie.

Respuestas cortas:

Se hacen con "was" y "were":

Were you studying yesterday afternoon? Yes, I was. ----> ¿Estabas estudiando ayer por la tarde? Sí.
Were Paul and Mary working in Brazil? No, they weren't. ----> ¿Estuvieron Paul y Mary trabajando en Brasil? No.